Japan shut down all of its dozens of reactors after a powerful earthquake in March 2011 spawned a huge tsunami that led to meltdowns at the Fukushima nuclear plant, causing the world's worst such accident since Chernobyl in 1986.
But only a handful of reactors have come back online due to public opposition and as legal cases work their way through the courts.
Today, Kansai Electric Power (KEPCO) restarted the No 4 reactor at the Takahama nuclear plant after a court in March cleared the move.
The Fukui government, where the nuclear industry is a major employer, approved the reactor's restart but concerned residents in neighbouring Shiga prefecture asked their local court to stop the move.
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The region's appeals court in Osaka finally ruled in March that KEPCO could restart two of the four reactors at Takahama. Shigeki Iwane, KEPCO president, announced the restart in a statement.
"We will... Carefully continue our work with discipline and regard safety as the priority," he said.
He said the environment was not right for a restart.
"Local residents hold profound anxiety about nuclear plants," he said in a written statement.
"The government should change the current energy policy that relies on nuclear plants at the earliest possible time," he said.
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has steadily promoted nuclear energy, calling it essential to powering the world's third- largest economy.