Sessions, who was the Alabama Senator since 1997, was confirmed as the 84th nation's top law enforcement officer by surviving a near-party-line vote by 52 to 47 after days of delays in the Senate voting.
The voting was on partisan lines. Sessions, 70, resigned as the Alabama Senator later in the night. He is expected to be sworn in as the US Attorney General later in the day.
In the past, Sessions has positioned himself as an opponent of H-1B visas, as he believes that this work visa, popular among Indian IT professionals, displaces American workers.
In his farewell speech, soon after his confirmation and before his resignation, Sessions urged his colleagues to respect each other.
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"I would say what would be my prayer for this body that in the future maybe the intensity of the last few weeks would die down and maybe somehow we get along better," he said.
One of the first task on his plate is the win the legal battle for the Trump Administration to get the stay lifted on executive order temporarily blocking all refugee arrivals and immigration from seven Muslim-majority countries to the US.
"I want to thank President Donald Trump. He believes in protecting the American people from crime and violence. He believes in a lawful system of immigration that serves the national interest," he said.
US Senator Lindsey Graham expressed his disappointment in the way Sessions was treated by his Democratic colleagues and outside special interest groups. "He is a decent, honourable and highly qualified man who will serve the President and country well as our Attorney General," he said.
"Sessions' extensive legal career as US Attorney and state Attorney General, coupled with his experience as a member of the Senate Judiciary Committee, make him a natural fit to lead our nation's Justice Department," he said.
But the Democratic lawmaker were up against Sessions.
Senator Patrick Leahy expressed concern about Sessions' commitment to ongoing civil rights litigation.
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"I asked whether he would maintain the Justice
Department's position in certain important cases. He would not commit to maintaining the Department's position, even in voting rights cases where courts have already found that certain voter ID laws are discriminatory," Leahy said.
"Sessions really has to reorient the Justice Department to actually advance the interest of the American people and the rule of law, as opposed to subverting it. And he has to depoliticise the Justice Department, so the American people can have faith in the fair administration of justice again," said Judicial Watch president Tom Fitton.
"The President picked the best person for the job, and I am pleased to see the Senate confirm him," she said.
"Attorney General Sessions has nearly 40 years of experience defending justice, civil rights, and the rule of law during his service as a US attorney, the Alabama Attorney General, and a US Senator," she said.
"Americans deserve an Attorney General who will enforce the rule of law regardless of their political or personal opinions, and that is exactly what newly confirmed Attorney General Sessions has promised," Nance said.
"This type of political posturing by Senate Democrats flies in the face of their duty to the American people. His long and lauded career proves Sen. Sessions is exactly the type of leader we need at the Department of Justice, and I am glad he will finally be able to take his place at the helm," she said.