The 27-year-old shooter from Lucknow shot an impressive 199.4 in the finals, after aggregating 583 in the qualification stage.
Another Indian shooter, Prakash Nanjappa, finished seventh after scoring 97.1 in the finals, to go with his 584 in the qualification.
Spain's Pablo Carrera won the gold after shooting 201.3, while Pavlo Korostylov of Ukraine bagged the bronze.
In the 50-metre rifle 3 position men's event, Olympic bronze medallist Gagan Narang was placed eighth in the qualifying stage.
A dedicated and disciplined athlete, Rai is one of India's medal prospects at the July 23-August 3 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow as well as the Incheon Asian Games in September.