Job loss may up suicide risk among teenagers

Mass layoffs may trigger increased suicide attempts and other suicide-related behaviours among some teenagers, a new US study has found.
Lead author Anna Gassman-Pines from the Duke University found that when 1 per cent of an American state's working population lost jobs, suicide-related behaviours increased by 2 to 3 percentage points among girls and black adolescents in the following year.
Among girls, thoughts of suicide and suicide plans rose. Among black teens, thoughts of suicide, suicide plans and suicide attempts all increased.
"Job loss can be an unanticipated shock to a community," said Gassman-Pines, who teaches public policy at Duke's Sanford School of Public Policy.

"We know that suicide increases among adults when communities are hit with widespread layoffs. Now we have evidence that teenagers are similarly affected," said Gassman-Pines.
The study, which appears in the American Journal of Public Health, is based on a nationally representative survey of 403,457 US adolescents from 1997 to 2009.

Gassman-Pines also examined mass layoffs and closings in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, using data from the federal Bureau of Labour Statistics. The bureau defines a mass closing as a layoff affecting more than 50 workers.
In their analysis, Gassman-Pines and her Duke co-authors Elizabeth Ananat and Christina Gibson-Davis controlled for confounding variables, such as poverty rate and overall unemployment.

"Job loss was not simply a proxy for other aspects of the state's economic climate, but instead represented a meaningful economic shock, which led to changes in girls' and black adolescents' suicide-related behaviours," Gassman-Pines said.
For girls, economic hardship appears to have worsened existing tendencies. On the whole, girls have higher rates of suicide ideation and planning than boys. Rates of suicide attempts are higher among black teenagers than among white teens.
Researchers note that suicide is the third most common cause of death among American youths ages 10 to 24, causing 4,600 deaths annually.
An even larger group of 157,000 youths ages 10 to 24 are treated for self-inflicted wounds each year. Gassman-Pines said she hopes the research may help mental health workers identify teens who could be suicide risks.