Just one junk food snack may trigger metabolic disease

Overindulgence at the dinner table or at snack time may be enough to trigger signs of metabolic disease, a new study has warned.
In the study, just one high-calorie shake was enough to make people with metabolic disease worse, while in others, relatively short periods of overeating triggered the beginnings of metabolic disease.
"Acute effects of diet are mostly small, but may have large consequences in the long run," said Suzan Wopereis, a researcher from TNO, Microbiology and Systems Biology Group in Zeist, The Netherlands.
"Our novel approach allows detection of small but relevant effects, thereby contributing to the urgently needed switch from disease-care to health-care, aiming for a life-long optimal health and disease prevention," said Wopereis.

To make this discovery, Wopereis and colleagues used two groups of male volunteers. The first group included 10 healthy male volunteers.
The second group included nine volunteers with metabolic syndrome and who had a combination of two or more risk factors for heart disease, such as unhealthy cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high blood lipids, and abdominal fat.

Both groups had blood samples taken, before and after consuming a high-fat milk-shake. In these blood samples, the researchers measured 61 biomarkers, such as cholesterol and blood sugar.
They found that biochemical processes related to sugar metabolism, fat metabolism and inflammation were abnormal in subjects with metabolic syndrome.

The 10 healthy male volunteers were also given a snack diet consisting of an additional 1300 kcal per day, in the form of sweets and savoury products such as candy bars, tarts, peanuts and crisps for four weeks.
The response of the same 61 biomarkers to the challenge test was evaluated. Signalling molecules such as hormones regulating the control of sugar and fat metabolism and inflammation were changed, resembling the very subtle start of negative health effects similar to that affecting those with metabolic disease.
The study was published in The FASEB Journal.