The 29-year-old actress, who has since removed her wedding ring, cited irreconcilable differences in court documents, reported People magazine.
According to the filing, a prenuptial agreement was signed by the pair in November 2013, one month before their New Year's Eve wedding.
Cuoco and Sweeting, 28 revealed last week that they have "mutually decided" to split after 21 months of marriage.
The court documents also revealed that the actress and her tennis pro were separated as of September 3.
Cuoco gave no signs of marital issues when she gushed about her estranged husband and his relationship with her ex and current co-star Johnny Galecki on "Watch What Happens Live!" on September 20.