"In these elections, people of Pakistan not only courageously withstood the threat of terrorism, they also defied unfounded dictates of an insignificant and misguided minority," Kayani said in his address to a symposium on countering the threat of IEDs.
"As a nation, our commitment to moderation, prosperity and rule of law is total and unwavering.
"We have the resolve and a firm belief to overcome the challenges towards attainment of these goals," he said.
The campaign and the election day were marred by violence by the Taliban and some 200 people were killed in terrorist attacks.
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The threat from the Taliban forced three parties - Pakistan Peoples Party, Awami National Party and Muttahida Qaumi Movement - to curtail their campaign and also affected their performance at the polls.
However, Kayani said Pakistanis were "peace loving people" and an overwhelming majority of them are "moderate, resilient and extraordinarily hardworking".
In the recent election, the people "amply demonstrated that as a nation we can withstand any challenge", he said.
"We have a rich experience of dealing and succeeding against the faceless enemy who employs highly innovative means of destruction," he said.
"In pursuit of global peace, we have to respond to this enemy equally innovatively while always staying a step ahead," he added.
Representatives from 28 countries are participating in the symposium, and Kayani said their participation reflected the international community's willingness to play a greater role in the region in dealing with IEDs.