The Aam Aadmi Party alleged that it was an "orchestrated attack" and that police stood by as Kejriwal's car was targeted with rods and stones.
Police said activists belonging to Akali Dal and Danga Peedit Association were protesting against Kejriwal outside the venue where the Delhi Chief Minister was holding a party function here.
Due to presence of protesters, the police decided to arrange his exit from the back side of the banquet hall, a police spokesman said.
Kejriwal immediately lodged a strong protest with Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP), Rural, Harcharan Singh Brar, who was present there, telling him that whatever happened was not right. The Delhi Chief Minister then drove away in his car.
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Kejriwal later said that his car was attacked by sticks and stones and that Akali Dal and Congress were nervous.
"My car attacked with sticks and stones in Ludhiana. Front glass pane broken. Badals n congress nervous? They can't break my spirits," the Delhi Chief Minister said on twitter.
He was scheduled to visit Ludhiana, Fatehgarh Sahib and Patiala before returning to Delhi today.
The AAP lashed out at the ruling Akali Dal in Punjab over the attack.
"In a well orchestrated attack the goons sent by Badals attacked Kejriwal's car with stones & rods as police stood by.
"The attackers came within an inch of grievously injuring Kejriwal. It was by only God's grace that he escaped unhurt," party leader Ashish Khetan tweeted.
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Meanwhile, AAP's Ludhiana zone coordinator Col C M Lakhanpal (Retd) strongly condemned the attack on Kejriwal's car and alleged that the police allowed the attackers to reach the area as part of a "conspiracy".
Questioning why police did not make any arrest, he alleged that an aide of a ruling SAD MLA was involved and present on the spot but was allowed to escape.
"The SAD-BJP are completely frustrated due to the response of the people to Kejriwal," he said.
Meanwhile, Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee president Amarinder Singh lashed out at Kejriwal for "trying to blame" Congress workers for the attack on him and linking the party with the Akalis.
"Let me make it clear that Congress has nothing to do with the attack," he said.
"I condemn the attack irrespective of who sponsored it," he said, adding "I and my party are sufficient enough to deal with you and I don't need any body's support for that, much less the Akalis".
"Given his history and reputation of sponsoring attacks on himself to seek publicity, particularly after failing to draw attention in Punjab, it is important to independently probe the people behind the attack on Kejriwal in Ludhiana," he said.
"It was a well-planned conspiracy hatched by Akalis to eliminate Kejriwal, who has emerged as 'mahsiya' for the people of Punjab," the AAP leader said at Chandigarh.
"Deputy Chief Minister Sukhbir Badal is responsible for the attack as it was all planned at the behest of him," he alleged.
AAP also alleged that police were "hand-in-glove" with the attackers.