Kerry had spent four hours earlier on the phone talking to both sides before making the decision to dash to Ramallah to meet Abbas for the third time this week.
He landed in the courtyard of the Palestinian headquarters in one of two Puma helicopters lent by the Jordanian king.
Kerry had earlier this morning met twice with Palestinian chief negotiator Saeb Erakat in his Amman hotel.
The whirlwind diplomacy came after the Palestinian leadership in Ramallah rejected Kerry's proposals for a framework to guide the relaunch of peace talks with the Israelis stalled for nearly three years.
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"Erakat will inform Kerry that without a clear basis on the 1967 borders, a settlement freeze and a clear position on the release of Palestinian prisoners held by Israel, the Palestinian side thinks there will be no talks," he said.
Their first meeting lasted barely 45 minutes, but Kerry and Erakat then went back into talks which lasted more than an hour and half, State Department officials said.
Shortly after the second talks broke up, a Palestinian official told AFP that Kerry had decided to travel to the West Bank.
The broader Palestine Liberation Organisation, which also includes leftwing factions less sympathetic towards a compromise, said it was also drawing up a formal response to Kerry's proposals.
Talks have stuttered and started for decades in the elusive bid to reach a final peace deal between the Arab world and Israel.
But they collapsed completely in September 2010 when Israel refused to keep up a freeze on settlement building in Palestinian territories.
A State Department official said in a statement issued just after midnight that serious Palestinian debate over resuming talks was "appropriate and encouraging".