Gurmeet clocked 1:21:30 to finish behind winner Hyunsub Kim of Korea (1:19:24) and Japan's Yusuke Suzuki (1:21:01).
In the women's race, Khusbir Kaur was in the lead for most of the race before ending up third with a timing of 1:33:37, setting a new national record.
China's Tongmei Zhou won the title with a timing of 1:31:58. Japan's Rei Inoue ended second after clocking 1:32:56.
Six Indian athletes were in the fray in the event.
Gurmeet had won a silver and a bronze in the last two editions of the championships.