The two Phnom Penh residents -- a man and a woman -- were arrested on Wednesday for at least ten cases of "kidney trafficking" over the past year, said Keo Thea, the city's chief of anti-human trafficking police.
The suspects paid Cambodian donors $5,800 for their kidneys and then charged patients more than $40,000 for the transplants, he said.
"The kidney transplants were performed in India," said Keo Thea, adding that the patients were also Cambodian.
Trafficking is a widespread problem in impoverished Cambodia and police routinely investigate cases linked to the sex trade, forced marriage or slavery.
But organ trafficking -- a trade more common in places like India and Nepal -- is rarer.
The complicity of donors, who are often compelled by poverty, makes the under-reported crime difficult to expose.
In 2015 three Cambodians were sentenced to between 10 and 15 years jail in the country's first kidney trafficking case.
They had persuaded poor Cambodians to sell their organs to wealthy compatriots undergoing dialysis in Thailand.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) some 10,000 black market transplants are carried out every year, a problem that frequently involves international crime.
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