Fewer than one in 10 teenagers and only around one in three adults achieve the recommended fruit and vegetable intake, the National Diet and Nutrition Survey by Public Health England found.
The survey also showed that people consume too much sugar and fat, with men eating too much processed and red meat.
"The results of this survey are extremely worrying. It shows that sugar makes up about three times the recommended daily calorie intake," said Neena Modi, President of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health.
The British Dietetic Association (BDA) said rising food prices made it difficult for people to meet their five-a-day, that is consumption of at least five portions of fruit or vegetables each day.
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In contrast, high sugar and fat foods often have price promotions, which are rarely applied to fruit and vegetables.
The survey is based on around 21,000 people in Britain who were asked to keep a diary of their eating habits for four days, 'the Telegraph' reported.
British adults under 65 also only eat around one third of the recommended level of oily fish.
One in three children leaving primary school and almost two in three adults are overweight or obese which makes them prone to developing heart disease, Type 2 diabetes and many types of cancer.