Patil was administered the oath of office by Governor H R Bhardwaj at the Raj Bhavan.
The induction of Patil, who enjoys a good equation with the Chief Minister, has apparently angered other MLCs who were in the race for the berth, Congress sources told PTI.
MLCs Veeranna Mathikatti and C Motamma recently met AICC President Sonia Gandhi in Delhi, requesting her to give a berth to any senior member in the Cabinet.
In the first round of the ministry formation last Saturday, Siddharamaiah had inducted 28 ministers. With Patil's induction, the strength of the council of ministers has reached 30.
There are four more berths to be filled by the Chief Minister, who is facing much pressure from senior Congress leaders D K Shivakumar, Mattikatti, A Manju and Motamma to induct them into the ministry.