Lalita improved her own 3000m steeplechase national record to win the gold in 9:34.13. The Maharashtra athlete had become the favourite to win the gold after the leading Asian in this event, Ruth Chebet of Bahrain withdrew from the race at Wuhan Sports Centre.
China's Li Zhenzhu, silver medallist in the Incheon Asian Games last year ahead of Lalita's bronze, could manage only a second place today with a timing of 9:41.43. Home country's Zhang Xiyan won the bronze in 9:46.82.
31-year-old Gowda successfully defended his title he won in 2013 in Pune, though he came up with a below-par effort. Gowda, who had come up with two 65m-plus throws this year, but yet to qualify for Rio Olympics, hurled the disc to 62.03m to win the gold. Kuwaiti Eisa Zankawi (61.57m) and Iranian Mahmoud Samimi (59.78m) were the other medallists.
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G Lakshmanan fetched a silver for India as he won his second medal of the championships with a brilliant 10000m race, clocking 29:42.81 to finish behind Bahrain's Asian Games gold medallist El Hassan El Abbasi (28:50.71).
The 25-year-old Tamil Nadu distance runner earlier won the 5000m bronze on the opening day.
With today's three medals, India's tally swelled to three gold, three silver and two bronze. Inderjeet Singh had won the first gold for India in men's shot put event on the opening day on June 3.