Government of National Accord (GNA) leader Fayez al- Sarraj and Field Marshal Khalifa Haftar, whose forces control most of eastern Libya including key oil ports, held rare talks yesterday in the United Arab Emirates.
In separate statements Wednesday, they called for a resolution to Libya's political and economic crisis and for joint efforts to battle extremist groups.
The issue of how to form a new Libyan army loomed large in the talks.
Haftar, who commands a self-proclaimed Libyan National Army (LNA), is accused of wanting to install a new military dictatorship in Libya, rocked by a complex multi-sided conflict since the fall and death of dictator Moamer Kadhafi in 2011.
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Haftar's statement said the two sides had agreed to allow "the military establishment... To fully play its role in the fight against terrorism".
Both men said they had agreed to put an end to violence in southern Libya, where LNA and pro-GNA forces have clashed in early April around an air base on the edge of the southern city of Sebha.
That parliament has refused to recognise the GNA, formed under a United Nations-backed deal that gave no role to Haftar and his forces.
There has been a flurry of diplomatic activity in recent days to try to reconcile the rival administrations Libya's east and west.
On Sunday, UN envoy Martin Kobler held talks in Sudan, a supporter of Sarraj's administration.
On Monday, he met Mahmud Jibril, who headed Libya's interim government during the NATO-backed rebellion that toppled and killed Kadhafi.