Lord Patel, who currently sits in the House of Lords as a Labour Peer, formerly worked for the Yorkshire Cricket Academy as a part-time coach.
Last year, he served on the judging panel of the inaugural Asian Cricket Awards supported by ECB. Lord Patel is a former ambulance-man, special constable and social worker.
He succeeds Lord Morris of Handsworth, who is stepping down after 11 years as an ECB Director.
Lord Patel said: "Cricket has been a life-long passion of mine and this is a great honour for me. I am a huge advocate of what the sport can bring to the wider community - from instilling life-skills like self-discipline and leadership to improving fitness and tackling wider issues like obesity.
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Currently a Professor at the University of East London and Chair of the Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundations Trust, Lord Patel is a former Chairman of the Mental Health Act Commission.
Born to Indian parents in Nairobi, Lord Patel moved to West Yorkshire at the age of one, and first played the game in the back-streets of Bradford. He subsequently joined a number of local club sides where he played alongside famous cricketing names in the Bradford League like Phil Sharpe and Geoff Cope.
An all-rounder, he retired in 1998 after taking all 10 wickets in a league game.