"I will not be the coach of Barcelona next season," Enrique said after Barca's 6-1 thrashing of Sporting Gijon in La Liga.
"It is a difficult, measured and well thought out decision and I think I have to be loyal to what I think."
Enrique's contract is due to expire at the end of the season.
The former Barcelona captain has won eight trophies in his three seasons in charge, including a treble in his first campaign and a La Liga and Copa del Rey double last season.
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"There are three exciting months ahead," Enrique added.
"We are in a difficult situation, especially in one competition, but with the help of everyone and if the stars align we can turn that game around.
"I will give my full dedication in these three months."
Like his friend and former teammate Pep Guardiola, who stepped down after four glorious years in charge of Barca in 2012, Enrique highlighted the pressures of the top at the Camp Nou as his reason to step down.
Victory over Sporting took Barca two points clear of Real Madrid at the top of La Liga, but Real have two games in hand.
Unless Barca stage an unlikely comeback against PSG on March 8, Enrique's final game in charge will be against Alaves in the Copa del Rey final on May 27.