"Democracies must fully respect the rule of law," Macron told a joint press conference with Erdogan, adding that the two men had discussed a list of individual cases of jailed journalists during their talks.
Erdogan's government has also arrested tens of thousands of officials, academics and activists in the wake of a botched coup attempt in 2016, drawing criticism from rights advocates.
Macron had pledged to raise human rights concerns ahead of Erdogan's visit, one of only a handful he has made to Europe as relations with the West soured in the wake of the post-coup crackdown.
Turkey is ranked 151st of 180 countries in the 2016 World Press Freedom index published by Reporters Without Borders (RSF).
In one of the latest cases, Turkish prosecutors in December sought life sentences for three veteran journalists accused of links to US-based Muslim cleric Fethullah Gulen, who Ankara says orchestrated the failed bid to oust Erdogan.
The journalists have been charged with having known the coup bid was imminent and with being involved in the sending of subliminal messages it was to happen.