After opting to bat first, Maharashtra skipper Jadhav smashed 131 off just 90 balls at the Air Force Ground at Palam, to guide his team to 294 all out in 49.4 overs.
In reply, Tripura were bundled out for 183 runs in 49.5 overs.
Even as wickets fell at regular intervals, Jadhav was unperturbed and went on the offensive, hitting 17 fours and three sixes.
Opener Harshad Khadiwale (32) and wicketkeeper-batsman Vishant More (31) were the other two substantial contributors for Maharashtra.
For Tripura, Rajesh Banik was the best bowler as he picked up four wickets for 40 runs, while Sanjay Majumder had figures of 3/53.