Law makers voted 41-5 to oust Attorney General Azima Shakoor on charges that she wrongfully intervened to secure the cancellation of the September 7 vote.
Shakoor had backed the complaint of the third-placed Qasim Ibrahim, a resort owner and business tycoon, that there were irregularities in the balloting despite international observers giving it a clean chit.
The Supreme Court's scrapping of the vote has led to uncertainty in a country gripped by unrest since the former president was toppled in what he claimed was a coup in February 2012.
Former leader Mohamed Nasheed was expected to lead in the new elections too, after having secured 45.45 percent of the popular vote in the first, annulled round of voting. His nearest rival had received just over 25 percent.
More From This Section
Shakoor told reporters in the capital Male that she acted within the law, and defended her decision to support the election annulment.
"It is not the Majlis (parliament) that I will be held accountable to on the day after tomorrow," she said. "It is to Allah."
The Maldives has scheduled another presidential election for November 9, but if no candidate gets 50 percent at the rescheduled polls, a runoff is due on November 16.
The Indian Ocean island nation, which is better known for its luxury tourism, is under international pressure to hold elections and ensure stability.