An investigating judge charged Nourredine H., 33, with attempting to commit "terrorist murder" and "taking part in the activities of a terrorist organisation," the federal prosecutor's office said.
It said the charges come in the "case opened concerning a possible terrorist attack in Belgium."
He was arrested along with his brother Hamza H. Following raids on Friday in Belgium's French-speaking areas of Mons and Liege, but Hamza was released Saturday without charge, the office said in a statement.
The prosecutor's office said there was for now no link to the suicide bombings on March 22 at Brussels airport and a metro station near the European Union headquarters that left 32 people dead.
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Those attacks were claimed by the jihadist Islamic State group holds swathes of territory in Syria and Iraq.
No weapons or explosives were found in Friday's raids, seven in the Mons area and one in Liege, that were ordered by a judge specialising in counter-terror cases, it said.
He had served in the past as a logistics man for jihadists leaving for and returning from the Middle East, it added.
Belgium is the main source per head of population of jihadist recruits going from the European Union to fight with IS in Syria, causing deep concern that they will return home battle-hardened and even more radicalised.
The interior ministry said 457 Belgian men and women have gone or tried to join jihadists in the Middle East, including 90 who are missing or dead.
Several of those involved in the Brussels bloodshed in March were directly linked to the November 13 bombing and gun attacks in Paris that left 130 dead and were also claimed by IS.
Belgian authorities last month charged two men with terrorist offences amid reports of a planned attack on a Euro 2016 fanzone in central Brussels.
Belgium then beefed up security for its July 21 national day celebrations after the truck attack that killed 84 people in the French city of Nice on Bastille Day, July 14.