Speed-eating competitions are popular over the Fourth of July weekend.
Walter Eagle Tail, 47, of Custer, died at a hospital on Thursday after attempts to save him at the scene failed, Custer County Sheriff Rick Wheeler told the Rapid City Journal.
"There was someone doing CPR when we arrived," Wheeler said. "He probably just suffocated. It got lodged in his throat and they (paramedics) couldn't get it out. "It all happened within minutes," the sheriff said.
The Custer Chamber of Commerce, which sponsored the contest, cancelled a pie-eating contest scheduled for Friday.
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George Shea, chairman of Major League Eating, a competitive eating organisation based in New York, said organisers do all they can to prevent casualties during contests, though his organisation had nothing to do with the South Dakota contest.
"We always make sure it's in a controlled environment," Shea said. "We organise the entire thing around safety. (Just as) if it's football or hockey or auto racing, we approach it as a top priority."