The 30-year-old doctor, identified as Atiq Khan, was arrested yesterday for sharing the "objectionable" post, based on a complaint lodged by local resident Anil Prajapat, police said.
The picture and the comment apparently alluded to the crackdown on illegal slaughter houses in Uttar Pradesh and and other BJP-ruled states.
"Khan, who holds a BHMS degree, was arrested on charge of posting an objectionable picture and content on social media site," Jhabua police station incharge ML Bhati said today.
He was produced before a local court which sent him to the judicial custody, he added.