The accused, Pochampally Ravi (35), also tried to kill himself and is critical.
An official said Ravi used to quarrel with his wife Anjali while accusing her of having an affair with another man.
The couple had a major fight on the issue last Thursday, said Vemulwada town police station inspector P Srinivas.
"Ravi, an autorickshaw-driver, slashed his wife's throat using a knife in the rickshaw this afternoon, killing her on the spot. He then slashed his own throat," the inspector said, adding that the incident caused panic in the area.