The 37-year-old Academy Award-winning actress was honoured with a parade and roast, and presented with a ceremonial pudding pot, at the prestigious US institution, reported E! online.
Cotillard won a Best Actress Oscar in 2007 for her role in 'La Vie En Rose' and has recently appeared in films including 'The Dark Knight Rises', 'Contagion' and 'Inception'.
She has 19-month-old son Marcel with partner Guillaume Canet.
Cotillard follows in the footsteps of many big screen stars.
'Homeland' actress Claire Danes took home the accolade last year, Anne Hathaway was the 2010 honouree and Drew Barrymore was recognised by the organisation in 2001.
The Hasty Pudding Theatricals group will announce their Man of the Year on February 8, and honour him at a later date.
Hasty Pudding Theatricals is the US' oldest undergraduate drama troupe, and annually honours performers who they believe have made a "lasting and impressive" contribution to entertainment.