The USGS estimated the quake at 8.2 magnitude and placed its epicentre in the Sea of Okhotsk off the shore of the Kamchatka Peninsula at a depth of more than 600 kilometres.
Russia rapidly issued a tsunami warning for Sakhalin island and its region, urging residents to seek higher ground. But the warning was then lifted with no reports of casualties.
The huge magnitude and great depth of the quake meant that its echoes were felt across the Eurasian continent including in the Russian capital itself.
According to the RIA Novosti news agency, the earthquake was also felt across Russia's Far East and Siberia including big cities like Krasnoyarsk and Blagoveshchensk.
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The emergencies ministry in Moscow, which is eight time zones away from the region hit by the quake, said it had received reports early today of phenomena like chandeliers shaking and turbulence in aquarium water as a result of the quake.
He said however that the last time this happened in Moscow was 30 years ago. A 21-storey office building in Saint Petersburg was evacuated after the people working there felt the building shaking, Fontanka.Ru city news website reported.
"If an earthquake happens at such a low depth, the waves move along low layers, practically the mantle," Alexei Lyubushin, chief researcher of the Institute of Physics of the Earth at the Russian Academy of Sciences, told Kommersant FM radio. "The waves can even move through the Earth's core.