"Dr Carter's continued engagement with senior Indian officials demonstrates the importance the Defence Department places on US-India relations," a Pentagon spokesperson said after the meeting.
During his three-day trip to Washington, Mathai held wide range of talks on bilateral and regional issues with top American officials including his meeting with the new Secretary of State, John Kerry.
Among others he met the Deputy Secretary, William Burns, and the Under Secretary of State for Energy, Economic Growth and Environment, Robert Hormats.
Expressing satisfaction over the progress made in his meeting, sources said it was "frank and useful exchange of views."
A State Department spokesperson, familiar with the talks, said Sherman and Mathai "enjoyed a warm and positive" meeting today at the State Department.
Sherman expressed the US's condolences for the Hyderabad bombings and underscored the priority America attaches to India-US counterterrorism cooperation.