Dr Samantha Leivers at the University of Western Australia wanted to determine whether men had evolved an ability to assess a woman's likely faithfulness.
She showed men 17 pairs of photographs of unfamiliar women who were matched for age and ethnicity.
One woman in the pair reported never cheating on her partner while in a committed relationship. The other reported having cheated on at least two occasions.
Leivers asked men to judge which woman in each pair was likely to be more faithful. The task was carried out twice with different groups of men.
More From This Section
She said the level of accuracy was "statistically significant but modest", 'ABC science' reported.
"We don't expect them to be 100 per cent accurate when they are literally just looking at someone's face for a few seconds," Leivers said.
"The fact that they're showing any accuracy from this limited information is pretty cool," she said.
Previous research that got men and women to judge faithfulness in the opposite sex by rating a whole series of photos on a scale showed women were accurate at faithfulness judgments but men were not.
Leivers said the new findings provided some evidence that human males had evolved adaptations to prevent cuckoldry by distinguishing women who were more likely to be unfaithful in a relationship.