The 53 men -- mostly Rohingya refugees from Myanmar but also including Bangladeshi citizens -- were found on Saturday on the plantation in Takua Pa district in the southern Thai coastal province of Phang Nga.
"Two Thai men have been charged with human trafficking," Nappadon Thiraprawat of Takua Pa police told AFP.
The group will be treated as victims of trafficking rather than as illegal immigrants, he added, after interviews revealed they had been kidnapped and put on a boat south.
Many thought they were being recruited for odd jobs in the area, only to end up on the boat heading south.
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"Some of them were knocked out with anaesthetic and taken to the boat, some were tricked... But they did not intend to come to Thailand," the official told AFP, requesting anonymity.
The migrants were initially arrested as illegal immigrants and ferried onto the Thai mainland from a small island in the Andaman Sea, the district chief said on Saturday.
Myanmar views its population of roughly 800,000 Rohingya -- described by the United Nations as one of the world's most persecuted minorities -- as illegal immigrats from Bangladesh and denies them citizenship.
Around 300,000 Rohingya have over the years gone to live in Bangladesh, which recognises only a small portion as refugees and regularly turns back those trying to cross the border.
Most of the 53 were Rohingya from UN-run camps in the Bangladeshi coastal area of Cox's Bazar, according to Chutima Sidasathian of the Phuketwan news website who was present during interviews with the group.
Rights groups say the stateless migrants often fall into the hands of people-traffickers.