The incident took place this morning when the girl was feeding cattle in her village.
Kailash Prajapat (25) has been booked for kidnap and rape, they said, adding the accused is yet to be arrested.
The victim was found screaming in pain by some villagers, who admitted her to a community health centre. The girl was later referred to a hospital in Bhilwara as her condition was stated critical, Mandal DSP Chanchal Mishra said.
A case has been registered at the Mandal police station. The victim is undergoing treatment and medical examination has been done, the DSP said.