"I condemn the brutal incident of rape of a four-year-old girl under Utai police station area of Durg. Stringent action will be taken against the accused under court of law," an official release quoted Raman Singh as saying.
"Government and society have to work together to prevent recurrence of such inhuman and shameful incidents," he said.
Singh also directed the authorities concerned to provide best possible medical care to the victim.
Opposition Congress, meanwhile, blamed the ruling BJP government saying it has failed to provide safety to women and girls in the state.
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"Increasing incidents of crime against women is a matter of concern and the government should not take it lightly...In such cases, the government should take prompt and strong action, so that no one dares to commit such offences," he added.
The four-year-old girl was raped allegedly by a youth from her neighbourhood in Ghupsideeh village on Wednesday evening, leaving her seriously injured.
Later, villagers caught the accused, Narendra Korse, and handed him over to police. The girl is undergoing treatment at a Bhilai hospital, police said.