At least four masked men carrying sharp weapons barged into the store room after breaking the doors and threatening the guards and devotees yesterday.
They also broke the locks of the boxes in which precious items were stored, police said.
Before decamping with the ornaments, the miscreants herded the devotees and the security guard inside the store room.
The looted jewelleries included about 8 kg of silver, about 140 grams of gold and several other articles made of brass-metals, said temple Manager Panchanana Choudhury. The jewellery was used to adorn the idols.
Senior police officers, including DIG (southern range) Amitabh Thakur, SP (Berhampur) Anirudha Kumar Singh rushed to the temple for investigation.
The scientific team and dog squad have been engaged as part of the investigation, the SP said.