Misra, 56, replaced K S Jamestin, who superannuated yesterday.
A Masters in Public Administration from the University of Lucknow, Misra joined ONGC in January 1985, the company said in a statement.
Starting his career from the Baroda office of ONGC, he led HR function at company's assets in Assam, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Uttarakhand.
He is the recipient of the 'Young Executive of the Year' award and has been instrumental in ONGC securing the 'Earth Care Award - 2008' for mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions, the statement said.