The doctors' room, operation theatre and AC room were destroyed in the fire affecting normal functioning of the hospital.
Sofia Khatun of Madaripur village in Bajpatti block delivered a baby boy at the hospital yesterday and was discharged by the hospital authorities.
However, on reaching home she suffered from excessive bleeding and was rushed back to the hospital where she died during treatment late last night, the sources said.
Alleging that she died due to negligence, a group of villagers ransacked the hospital and torched the doctors' room, AC room and operation theatre, the sources said.
An FIR has been lodged against unidentified persons in connection with the violence and arson at the hospital, they said.