The mob raided the house of the man at Barieya village last night shortly after finding the carcass of the cow, the police officials said.
The man was rescued by police from the marauding mob and admitted him to a local hospital, but was later shifted to another hospital in Dhanbad owing to the seriousness of his injuries, they said.
Jharkhand Inspector General of Police (Headquarters) Ashish Batra told PTI that the exact reason for the mob violence could not be immediately ascertained as it was under investigation.
They all have been admitted to hospitals in Dhanbad and their conditions have been stated to be stable.
Ten persons have been detained and prohibitory orders under Section 144 of the CrPC imposed after the incident to maintain law and order, said Deputy Inspector General of Police Bhimsen Tuti.
A case was registered at Deori police station and an investigation has been launched into the incident, the official said.