The quake was at a depth of 10 kilometres in Akita prefecture at 10:23 pm, Japan's meteorological agency said.
There were no immediate reports of injuries or damage, according to public broadcaster NHK. The Japan Meteorological Agency did not issue a tsunami warning.
No abnormality was reported at nuclear power facilities in the region, NHK said.
Japan sits at the junction of four tectonic plates and experiences a number of relatively violent quakes every year. But rigid building codes and strict enforcement mean even strong tremors often do little damage.