Michelle Lodzinski, who has always maintained her innocence, declined to address the court before she was sentenced in Timothy Wiltsey's death. Her attorney had sought the least time under the sentencing guidelines, which called for 30 years to life in prison.
"I'm sure Timmy would not want to impose a life sentence on his mother," said Gerald Krovatin, Lodzinski's attorney.
Prosecutor Christine Bevacqua objected and argued for no mercy. "A mother who kills her child should spend the rest of her life in prison," Bevacqua said.
Her lawyers are expected to appeal.
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Lodzinski said her son disappeared from a carnival in central New Jersey, then later claimed he was abducted.
Lodzinski, who had been living in Port St Lucie, Florida, and has two other children, has been held in New Jersey since her arrest in 2014.
She was charged in 2014 after witnesses identified a blanket found near the boy's body nearly a year after he disappeared.
That testimony was vital to the prosecution's case because no forensic evidence tied Lodzinski or the boy to the blanket or other items found near his remains 11 months after he disappeared.
A cause of death couldn't be established because the skeleton was so deteriorated.
During the trial, prosecutors also focused on Lodzinski's changing stories about Timothy's disappearance, which they argued demonstrated consciousness of guilt.
They contended Lodzinski concocted a story about the boy disappearing from the carnival and told jurors no one who knew the boy saw him with her that night.
Lodzinski's attorney produced witnesses who worked at the carnival who claimed they saw a boy who looked like Timothy, and he attempted to cast doubt on the reliability of the witnesses who testified about the blanket.