The business federation Coparmex also weighed in, calling the increase inflationary and bad for consumers.
Police said protesters blocked roads in around 10 states and that in some cases officers closed with demonstrators.
President Enrique Pena Nieto's government announced last week that the price of gasoline would increase by as much as 20 per cent to 0.88 dollars per liter while diesel would rise by 16.5 per cent to 0.83 dollars. The increases took effect on New Year's Day.
The government plans to end subsidies and let the market dictate prices in March. But Mexicans will feel the pinch at the pump before they start falling.
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Deputy Treasury Secretary Miguel Messmacher said yesterday the new price increases would stay in place, saying prices were already artificially low in Mexico. He acknowledged people were angry.
"These things always cause concern. That is understandable," he said. "We are aware this is an impopular measure."
His popularity has plummeted below 25 per cent this year due to his government's failure to curb drug-related violence, disappointing economic growth and his unpopular decision to host Donald Trump before the anti-immigration Republican won the US presidential election.
The fall in global oil prices in recent years has forced the government to cut its budget and slash spending at Pemex.
And the peso has fallen to historic lows due to Trump's protectionist rhetoric against Mexico.
The liberalisation of gasoline prices was supposed to begin in 2018, but the government decided to start it now.
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