Minutes after the verdict, the court, presided over by Additional District and Session Judge Kashninath Singh, granted bail to Mishra, whose counsel said he will challenge the ruling in the High Court.
The court found Mishra guilty of making false and defamatory statements against Chouhan and his family. It also imposed a fine of Rs 25,000 on the Congress leader.
If Mishra fails to pay this fine, he will have to undergo additional three more months of imprisonment.
He had alleged the state transport constable recruitment test was part of the Vyapam scam - a massive admission and recruitment racket Madhya Pradesh.
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Mishra had also levelled other allegations against Chouhan and his family.
Public prosecutor Anand Tiwari, on behalf of the state government, in July 2014 had filed a defamation suit against Mishra, stating his vague allegations had damaged the status of Chouhan and his family members.
"The court found Mishra's statements false. Nobody from Gondia made it to the transport department as a constable," Tiwari told reporters in the court premises.
Mishra's counsel Ajay Gupta said his client will move the Madhya Pradesh High Court against the verdict.
We are going to move the High Court against the lower court's verdict in the defamation case," Gupta added.