Jharkhand, who were already at a commanding position on 296 for three when the day began, rode on Ishank Jaggi's (102 not out) maiden hundred of the season, and his 166-run partnership for the fourth wicket with Kumar Deobrat (63) to amass 394 for four in 113 overs before declaring their first innings.
Jaggi stroked 14 fours during his 153-ball unbeaten knock, while Deobrat's 63 featured 10 boundaries.
With Tripura reduced to 110 for nine, Jharkhand had three overs to take the last wicket and wrap up the win inside three days, but the final pair of Tushar Saha and Abhijit Sarkar held firm, forcing the match into the final day.
Manisankar Murasingh top-scored for Tripura with a 69-ball 52.
Tripura: 166 & 132 for nine in 49 overs (Manisankar Murasingh 52; Shahbaz Nadeem 6/35).
Jharkhand: 394 for four decl in 113 overs (Ishank Jaggi 102 not out, Saurabh Tiwary 94, Anand Singh 91; Manisankar Murasingh 2/89).