Having missed out on the meeting with the Afghans at last year's World T20 due to issues with his bowling action, the off-spinner was at his unplayable best in taking three for 11 off his four-over allotment as the visitors were dismissed for 110 batting first.
Marlon Samuels then struck a fluent 35 to lead the home side's romp to victory with almost four overs to spare to take a 1-0 lead ahead of the second match at the same venue on Saturday.
Afghanistan's top order, including captain Asghar Stanikzai who had chosen to bat first, showed little responsibility at the crease and a succession of reckless shots saw them slipping to 58 for eight in the 14th over and in danger of falling below their previous lowest T20 International score of 72.
However Rashid Khan, with a T20 best of 33, and 21 from fellow spinner Amir Hamza gave the innings a measure of respectability as 52 runs were added by the last two wickets.
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Fast-medium bowler Shapoor Zadran claimed two expensive wickets but it was the guile and variations of the slow bowlers which presented the greatest challenge although they did not enjoy much reward, Khan dismissing Lendl Simmons just before victory was achieved.
"It's always important to start with a win and we did what was required," said West Indies captain Carlos Brathwaite. "Their tail held us up a bit and I thought we lost too many wickets, but generally it was a satisfying effort."
Afghanistan retained the same 11 which defeated a Cricket West Indies President's XI in a warm-up match at the same venue two days earlier.
"We needed to get at least 30-40 more runs to be competitive," said a disappointed Stanikzai. "We know what we have to do to improve and I expect us to come back stronger for the second match."
In their only previous senior international meeting, Afghanistan defeated the West Indies by six runs at the 2016 World T20 although the Caribbean side went on to lift the title for the second time in four years.