NATO's planned action at this week's summit "is evidence of the desire of US and NATO leaders to continue their policy of aggravating tensions with Russia", Mikhail Popov, the deputy head of Russia's National Security Council, told RIA-Novosti news agency in an interview.
"I have no doubt that the question of the approach of NATO members' military infrastructure to our border" will be taken into consideration as "one of the foreign military threats to Russia" when the country's defence doctrine is updated later this year, he said.
While that is intended to reassure NATO member states in the former Soviet bloc, it is angering the Kremlin as it challenges a key understanding that NATO would not station troops and weapons in new members.
This increased commitment in the east will involve the rotation of troops through member states at upgraded military facilities, with equipment pre-positioned to speed up the response time.
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Since the troops would not be permanently based there, the alliance does not see it as breaching the terms of the 1997 NATO-Russia Founding Act which fixed Europe's post-Cold War borders.
Popov said that US and NATO leaders reassured Moscow that they are not Russia's enemy and would never attack Russia, "but is this so?"
"The reassured us of their good intentions, but their actions of recent years tell completely different story," he said.
Russia's recent actions have been motivated by a desire to thwart NATO expansion.
The barely covert support for pro-Russian rebels in Ukraine is also seen by analysts as being aimed at destabilising Ukraine and discouraging NATO from considering a membership bid from Kiev.