"Peter passed away this evening. We are honoured to have known him and his beautiful and wild mind," his publisher Riverhead Books said in a statement yesterday.
Matthiessen, who reportedly had been treated for leukemia in the past year, had been awaiting publication of his final novel, "In Paradise," April 8, Riverhead confirmed.
Matthiessen was among the founders of the prestigious literary magazine The Paris Review.
The story of missionaries in the crosshairs of indigenous people and mercenaries in Brazil's Amazon jungle was made into a Hollywood film starring John Lithgow and Daryl Hannah.
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He also earned National Book Awards for "The Snow Leopard," about a spiritual trip to the Himalayas, and for "Shadow Country."
Though he grew up a child of privilege, his life took dramatic turns as his personal adventures took him from Asia to Australia to New Guinea and South America; he was even a CIA spy in Paris in the 1950s.
Yet they were complementary talents, among many. Indeed, he was the only writer honoured with the National Book Award in both fiction and non-fiction.