More than 5,000 doctors took part in the action and only emergency services were open in hospitals across the Himalayan nation, said Nirmal Rimal of the Nepal Medical Association.
The strike left most people in Nepal without access to doctors.
The physicians are supporting Govinda KC, who is demanding that the government make medical education affordable to more students and medical services available to all citizens.
KC is also alleging widespread corruption among officials in granting permits to private medical colleges and is demanding that the officials be dismissed and punished.
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The government formed a committee to negotiate with the doctors, but there was no agreement reached to end the strike.
KC had gone on a 15-day hunger strike last year for similar demands. He resumed eating and doctors withdrew their protests after the government assured them of changes in the medical education system. KC now says the government has not done enough.
A group of doctors briefly scuffled with police officers while protesting outside the Nepal Medical Council office in Kathmandu, Nepal's capital.