Israel is currently negotiating a new 10-year military aid package with Washington that it says will need to grow beyond the USD 3.1 billion yearly currently provided by the United States.
The figure excludes US spending on projects including Israel's Iron Dome missile defence system.
Netanyahu reiterated his argument that the nuclear deal that has seen sanctions lifted against its regional rival Iran would require Israel to increase spending to maintain its military edge.
Netanyahu said it would be important to "resist Iranian aggression in the region, which continues and might even accelerate given the amount of funds that they're going to get with the lifting of sanctions.
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"And the strongest way to stop Iranian aggression is to bolster America's allies, first and foremost (of) which is Israel."
He added that "we're talking about a bigger package. But remember that even over a 10-year period, it pales in comparison to the enormous funds that Iran gets."
Netanyahu, whose country is believed to be the sole nuclear power in the Middle East, though it has never declared it, strongly opposed the accord and labelled it a "historic mistake".
His outspoken criticism, including in an address to the US Congress, led to troubled ties with the United States.
He has since scaled back his rhetoric and visited Washington in November as part of efforts to move past the rift.
Israel's total defence budget amounts to some USD 16 billion, excluding the US aid.
Netanyahu's Davos appearance was dominated by issues such as Iran and Syria, but he briefly addressed the conflict with the Palestinians.