"I agreed to free 104 Palestinians in stages, after the start of negotiations and according to progress," he wrote on his official Facebook page.
He did not give details on those to be freed or confirm reports that talks would open in Washington on Tuesday.
A Palestinian official earlier told AFP that the Washington meeting would be attended by chief Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erakat, his Israeli counterpart Justice Minister Tzipi Livni and US officials.
Israel's Regional Development Minister Silvan Shalom said this week that talks could resume next Tuesday, but neither the date nor venue have so far been confirmed.
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"At this time, it seems most important to me that the state of Israel enter (negotiations)," Netanyahu wrote.
"This is important both to maximise the possibility of ending the conflict with the Palestinians and to solidify Israel's position in the complex international reality surrounding us," he added, writing in Hebrew.
Haaretz newspaper said the initial talks would be to lay the parameters of formal negotiations.
Sunday's weekly cabinet meeting will hear a formal statement from Netanyahu on the resumption of peace talks and mandate a ministerial committee to handle the prisoner release, the government website said.
Israeli news website Ynet said Netanyahu would head the prisoner committee deciding which prisoners are to be freed and when.
The cabinet is also set to endorse a draft bill to submit any peace treaty with the Palestinians to a referendum.
A briefing paper published by the cabinet office said the proposal comes "in light of the significant diplomatic developments accompanying the opening of negotiations by the state of Israel with the Palestinian Authority".
The draft is seen as a gesture to right-wing ministers apprehensive of concessions that could be demanded of Israel
The cabinet paper said the government saw approval of the new draft as "urgent and important" and said it would be asking parliament to streamline its passage into law.