The 67-year-old patient in Hengyang city, who was diagnosed with the flu, was critical, the Hunan provincial disease control and prevention centre said.
He had come in contact with poultry and fell ill, the centre said.
People who have had close contact with the patient have not shown symptoms of fever or coughing.
Hunan has reported as many as 17 human H7N9 infections, including five fatalities this year, state-run Xinhua news agency reported.
Also Read
An early onset of this year's human H7N9 virus, which is more active this winter, has resulted in more infections in Hunan and the whole country, Liu Fuqiang, an official with the Hunan disease control and prevention centre said.
The public are advised to avoid direct contact with poultry and wear masks when symptoms such as headache, fever, coughing and chest congestion appear.
At least 10 people have died from the virus since the start of the year, according to disease control centers in Henan, Guangdong and Hunan provinces.
It is most likely to strike in winter and spring seasons.
Disclaimer: No Business Standard Journalist was involved in creation of this content