The National Human Rights Commission observed that even if the law and order situation is grave, the state cannot resort to such a mechanism, which may result in "extra judicial killings" of alleged criminals.
The Commission has issued the notice to the UP chief secretary and sought a detailed report within six weeks.
"The NHRC has taken suo motu cognisance of media reports about the government of Uttar Pradesh allegedly endorsing killings in encounters by police, seeking improvement in the law and order situation in the state," it said in a statement.
"Apart from this, 98 officials were also injured and one died. Another news story of September 16 says 15 people had been killed in encounters since the new government came to power in Uttar Pradesh," the NHRC claimed, citing the report.
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The state government has reportedly described the encounters an "achievement and a proof of improvement in the law and order situation. The chief minister was quoted by a newspaper on November 19 as saying 'criminals will be jailed or killed in encounters'," it added.
The Commission noted that it also received intimation about "22 encounter deaths from the state police in 2017 till date, as per its standing guidelines".