"There is no time to lose for the national unity government to assume its functions and securely establish itself in Tripoli," said the newly appointed French Foreign Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault, following a meeting on the sidelines of the Munich Security Conference.
The meeting was attended by US Secretary of State John Kerry and his counterparts from Britain, Egypt, Germany and Italy, as well as EU and UN representatives.
The speaker of Libya's internationally recognised parliament, Aguila Saleh, was also present.
The Islamic State jihadist group has taken advantage of the turmoil to establish a stronghold with thousands of fighters in the coastal city of Sirte.
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"The time of tactical maneuvering is over. Now it's time for Libya to show responsibility," said German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier.
"Germany, Europe and the international community are ready to offer any help to support the Libyan government in this.
"This also applies to state-building and the training of security forces," Steinmeier added.
"That point is clear," he said.
Libya has been in chaos since the 2011 ouster of longtime dictator Moamer Kadhafi, with two rival administrations and armed groups fighting for control of the oil-rich country.
A militia alliance including Islamists overran Tripoli in August 2014, establishing its own government and parliament and causing the recognised administration to flee to the country's remote east.
Last month the recognised parliament rejected a 32-member unity government announced as part of a UN-brokered deal, saying it was too large.