Those behind the case had argued that British Prime Minister Theresa May did not alone have the right to trigger Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty, launching a two-year countdown to Britain leaving the European Union (EU) after the country voted for an exit from the economic bloc in a referendum in June.
Butafter several days of hearings, the court in Belfast threw out the case brought by a cross-community group of politicians and human rights campaigners.
He said: "While the wind of change may be about to blow, the precise direction in which it will blow cannot yet be determined.
"So there is a level of uncertainty, as evidenced by the discussion about how the Northern Ireland land border with Ireland was affected by withdrawal from the EU."
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Lawyers behind the case tried to argue that decision-makers at Northern Ireland's devolved Stormont Assembly could veto Brexit, assert influence over triggering Article 50 and protect peace process guarantees enshrined in the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, which largely ended violence in Northern Ireland over devolution.
They said the Brexit decision should be examined and voted on by Parliament or, failing that, by the Northern Ireland Assembly.
They have indicated they intend to appeal against the decision at the Supreme Court, and that this could be heard as early as December.
The UK government welcomed Friday's ruling, which marks the first court win in relation to Brexit.
A UK government spokesperson said: "As we have always made clear, we stand by our commitments under the Belfast Agreement and the outcome of the EU referendum doesn't change this."
In London, an investment manager and hairdresser are taking legal action opposing the right of the government to trigger Article 50 without a vote in Parliament.
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